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Screen resolution refers to the clarity of the text and images displayed on your screen. At higher resolutions, such as 1600 x 1200 pixels, items appear sharper. They also appear smaller so more items can fit on the screen. At lower resolutions, such as 800 x 600 pixels, fewer items fit on the screen, but they appear larger.

1. A list can be copied using the = operator. For example, oldlist = 1, 2, 3 newlist = oldlist. The problem with copying lists in this way is that if you modify newlist, oldlist is also modified.
2. What matters is how you created your original mysolution list. As it seems, it contains four times the same list which is why changing it once will make it change in all four locations. To initialize independent zero-filled lists like that, you can do the following: mysolution = 0. 4 for i in range(4).

How do I change all folder view to list (alphabetical)? I dislike the Tile / Icon view of windows and want the default setting for all my windows to open in List view. I had no problem doing this with Office 2003 - how do I set this in Office 2010?

The resolution you can use depends on the resolutions your monitor supports. CRT monitors generally display a resolution of 800 × 600 or 1024 × 768 pixels and can work well at different resolutions. LCD monitors, also called flat-panel displays, and laptop screens often support higher resolutions and work best at a specific resolution.

The larger the monitor, usually the higher the resolution it supports. Whether you can increase your screen resolution depends on the size and capability of your monitor and the type of video card you have.

To change your screen resolution

1. Open Screen Resolution by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, and then, under Appearance and Personalization, clicking Adjust screen resolution.

2. Click the drop-down list next to Resolution, move the slider to the resolution you want, and then click Apply.

3. Click Keep to use the new resolution, or click Revert to go back to the previous resolution.

Native resolution

LCD monitors, including laptop screens, typically run best at their native resolution. You don't have to set your monitor to run at this resolution, but it's usually recommended in order to ensure you see the sharpest text and images possible. LCD monitors generally come in two shapes: a standard proportion of width to height of 4:3, or a widescreen ratio of 16:9 or 16:10. A widescreen monitor has both a wider shape and resolution than a standard ratio monitor.

If you're unsure of your monitor's native resolution, check the product manual or go to the manufacturer's website. Here are typical resolutions for some popular screen sizes:

• 19-inch screen (standard ratio): 1280 x 1024 pixels

• 20-inch screen (standard ratio): 1600 x 1200 pixels

• 22-inch screen (widescreen): 1680 x 1050 pixels

• 24-inch screen (widescreen): 1900 x 1200 pixels

Notes:

• When you change the screen resolution, it affects all users who log on to the computer.

• When you set your monitor to a screen resolution that it can't support, the screen will go black for a few seconds while the monitor reverts back to the original resolution.

Change List Excel

map(), filter(), lambda, and listcomprehensions provide compact, elegant, and efficient ways to encodea few common idioms in programming. We often encounter the followingscanarios involving for-loops:

Some for-loop examples to rewrite more compactly¶

• Building up a list from scratch by looping over a sequence andperforming some calculation on each element in the sequence.

  1. For example, suppose we want to build a list of the squares of the integers from 0 to 9:

  2. Suppose we want to build a list of the lengths of the names in alist:

• Building up a list from scratch by looping over nested sequences.

  3. For example, suppose we want a list of all possible pairs of drinkand food from the lists ['water','tea','juice'] and['ham','eggs','spam'], respectively:

  4. Suppose we want a list of coordinates on a rectangular grid:

• Building a list from scratch by filtering a sequence according tosome criterion or criteria.

  5. For example, suppose we want a list ofthe squares of the integers from 0 to 9 where the square is greaterthan 5 and less than 50:

  6. Suppose we want to take a list of names and find only thosestarting with the letter B:

Map, Lambda, and Filter¶

One way to achieve the same goals as in the above examples is to usesome of Python’s tools from functional programming: map(),filter(), and lambda().

The map() function applies a function to every member of aniterable and returns the result. Typically, one would use ananonymous inline function as defined by lambda, but it is possibleto use any function. The first example above can also be accomplishedusing map() as follows:

In the case of the second example, the len() function alreadyexists, so we can use map() to apply it to every element of thelist:

lambda¶

In the first map example above, we created a function, calledsquare, so that map would have a function to apply to thesequence. This is a common occurrence, so Python provides the abilityto create a simple (no statements allowed internally) anonymous inlinefunction using a so-called lambda form.Thus, an anonymous function that returns the square of its argumentcan be written as lambdax:x**2. This means, “Here is ananonymous (nameless) function that takes one arguement, called x,and returns the square of x. Since the lambda form actuallyevaluates to a function, we can also call it inline. (This isgenerally a silly thing to do, but we show it here to demonstrate thatlambda forms are actually inline function objects.):

Using lambda and map together¶

Lambda forms can be used as the required function argument to themap() function. For example, the first example above can be written as

In English, this means, “Apply a function that squares its argument(the lambda form) to every member of the list of integers from 0 to 9(the range()), and store the result in a list called squares.

The fifth and sixth examples above can also beachieved with the filter() built-in function. Filter takes afunction returning True or False and applies it to asequence, returning a list of only those members of the sequence forwhich the function returned True.

Lambda forms can also be used with the filter function; in fact,they can be used anywhere a function is expected in Python. In thefifth example, the list ofsquares is filtered according to whether the given entries are greaterthan 5 and less than 50. A lambda form that returns Truewhen this condition is met is lambdax:x>5andx<50. Thus,we can reproduce the fifth example as follows:

In English, this means, “Find every member of the squares list forwhich the member is greater than 5 and less than 50 (every member forwhich lambdax:x>5andx<50 returns True), and storethat in a new variable called special_squares.

Similarly, the sixth example <sixth-example-list-comprehension> canbe reproduced using filter as follows:

Change List X Factor

List Comprehensions¶

All of the six original examples can be achieved using a consistent,clean, and elegant syntax called list comprehensions.

Simple list comprehensions¶

The simplest form of a list comprehension is

[expression-involving-loop-variableforloop-variableinsequence]

This will step over every element of sequence, successively settingloop-variable equal to every element one at a time, and will thenbuild up a list by evaluating expression-involving-loop-variablefor each one. This eliminates the need to use lambda forms, and thusgenerally produces a much more readable code than using map()and a more compact code than using a for-loop.

The first example<first-example-list-comprehension> can thus be written compactly as:

Some other simple examples:

• Print the length of each word in the list of names:

• Print the last letter of each name in the list of names:

• Print the reverse of each name in the list of names:

Note that complex expressions can be put in the slot forexpression-involving-loop-variable. For example, here we build upa list of names, first letters, and lengths for each name in the list:

Where [name,name[0],len(name)] occupies theexpression-involving-loop-variable slot, so that the listcomprehension creates a list of [name,name[0],len(name)] forevery name in the names sequence.

Nested list comprehensions¶

List comprehensions can be nested, in which case they take on thefollowing form:

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[expression-involving-loop-variablesforouter-loop-variableinouter-sequenceforinner-loop-variableininner-sequence]

This is equivalent to writing:

Thus, the third example canbe written compactly as:

And example 4. can bewritten as

Filtered list comprehensions¶

The final form of list comprehension involves creating a list andfiltering it similarly to using filter(). The filtering formof list comprehension takes the following form:

[expression-involving-loop-variableforloop-variableinsequenceifboolean-expression-involving-loop-variable]

This form is similar to the simple form of list comprehension, but itevaluates boolean-expression-involving-loop-variable for everyitem and keeps only those members for which the boolean expression isTrue. Thus we can use list comprehensions to rewriteexample 5 as

Note that the above is inefficient, however, since it has to calculatethe square of x three separate times for each element in theloop. Thus, the following is an equivalent and more efficientapproach:

Finally, note that the foregoing can be written on a single line usinga pair of list comprehensions as follows:

Example 6 can be rewrittenusing a list comprehension as:

Or, again combining the first two lines into one,